Topographic surveys performed by a professional land surveyor are used to map and identify the terrain features of a land area. They accurately account for any existing objects on or near the surface, such as buildings, streets, manholes, walkways, retaining walls, utility poles, and trees.Anywhere also takes into account differences in elevation, which are marked on the survey by contour lines. Contour lines detail where the terrain meets a specific elevation value on any given site, and can be interpreted to show where there are depressions and rises in the ground.
由专业土地测量师进行的地形测量用于绘制和识别陆地区域的地形特征。它们准确地说明了地表上或附近的任何现有物体，例如建筑物、街道、沙井、人行道、挡土墙、电线杆和树木。 其他的地形测量也考虑了海拔差异，这些差异在测量中由等高线标记。等高线详细说明了地形在任何给定地点满足特定海拔值的位置，并且可以解释为显示地面上的凹陷和凸起的位置。
Topographic surveys are typically carried out when an area is being assessed for new construction or the addition of new development. The survey is invaluable for showing what the land looks like now, and how it will impact design and construction. This is relevant for all kinds of projects such as road improvements, new housing, complex construction, major highway construction, grading, bridge erection, septic system installations, and drainage projects – to name a few.
地形测量通常在评估一个地区的新建筑或增加新开发项目时进行。该调查对于展示土地现在的样子以及它将如何影响设计和施工非常宝贵。这与各种项目相关，例如道路改善、新住房、综合建筑、主要公路建设、平整、桥梁架设、化粪池系统安装和排水项目——仅举几例。
Perhaps one of the most important functions of a topographic survey is to identify areas where construction may not be possible or where grading will be required in order to make it possible. A topographic survey provides architects and builders with all of the information they need to determine how the land will have to be shaped and moulded to provide a suitable base for the planned construction. After the initial project is complete, a topographic survey can also be used as the basis for a variety of subsequent plans and designs. For these reasons, it is crucial that a topographic survey is carried out by professional land surveyors who have the knowledge, tools and training to do it right. An accurate and detailed initial topographic survey will help ensure that the project is completed without costly or time-consuming surprises.
也许地形测量最重要的功能之一是确定可能无法施工的区域或需要分级以使其成为可能的区域。地形调查为建筑师和建筑商提供了他们需要的所有信息，以确定如何塑造和塑造土地，从而为计划中的建设提供合适的基础。初步项目完成后，地形测量也可以作为后续各种计划和设计的基础。由于这些原因，地形测量必须由具备正确知识、工具和培训的专业土地测量师进行。准确而详细的初始地形调查将有助于确保项目在没有代价高昂或耗时的意外情况下完成。
While topographic surveys are mostly used for construction and development projects, they can also be used for many other applications, such as environmental reclamation projects. Topographic surveys and the information they provide about elevation and terrain features can help in the accurate and successful reconstruction of a given landscape and be instrumental in returning it to a natural state.
虽然地形测量主要用于建设和开发项目，但它们也可用于许多其他应用，例如环境复垦项目。地形调查及其提供的有关高程和地形特征的信息有助于准确和成功地重建给定景观，并有助于将其恢复到自然状态。
